PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.